Trasplante renal con ureterostomía cutánea / Renal Transplant with Cutaneous Ureterostomy: A Case Report

Introducción: El trasplante renal precisa de un tratamiento inmunosupresor para evitar el rechazo del injerto, pero éste aumenta el riesgo de contraer una infección. Este riesgo se agrava, aún más, cuando el paciente es portador de una ureterostomía cutánea por la manipulación de las sondas. Descripción Caso Clínico: Varón que ingresa para realización de primer trasplante renal y ureterostomía cutánea. Como antecedentes personales encontramos nefrectomía derecha en 2014 y nefrectomía izquierda y cistectomía radical en 2019, momento en el que comienza en programa de hemodiálisis. Descripción del plan de cuidados: Se realizó valoración inicial y cada 7 días según patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon. De los diagnósticos identificados a los 15 días se establecieron como prioritarios: Disposición para mejorar los conocimientos, Complicación potencial la infección y Disposición para mejorar el afrontamiento. Evaluación del plan de cuidados: Semanalmente, se revisó el plan de cuidados, cerrando aquellos diagnósticos resueltos. Al alta, tras 33 días ingresado, se alcanzaron los objetivos establecidos, aunque la gran mayoría de ellos se continuaron reevaluando en la Consulta de Enfermería post-trasplante, como fue el diagnóstico de Disposición para mejorar los conocimientos. Conclusiones: Una correcta educación para la salud y la intervención de un equipo interdisciplinar permite un adecua-do aprendizaje de los cuidados fomentando la adherencia terapéutica y una buena prevención y detección precoz de las complicaciones que pueda conllevar la derivación en un paciente trasplantado. Además, ayudar al paciente y a su familia a aceptar esta nueva etapa que conlleva cambios a nivel físico, emocional y social. (AU)

Introduction: Renal transplant requires immunosuppressive treatment to prevent graft rejection, but this increases the risk of infection. This risk is further exacerbated when the patient has a cutaneous ureterostomy due to catheter manipulation. Clinical case description: A male patient was admitted for his first renal transplant and cutaneous ureterostomy. Past medical history includes a right nephrectomy in 2014, a left nephrectomy, and a radical cystectomy in 2019, which led to the initiation of hemodialysis. Nursing care plan description: Initial assessment was conducted, with subsequent evaluations every seven days based on Marjory Gordon’s functional patterns. At the 15-day mark, the following diagnoses were prioritized: Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge, Potential Infection Complication, and Readiness for Enhanced Coping. Evaluation of care plan: The care plan was reviewed weekly, closing out resolved diagnoses. Upon discharge after 33 days of hospitalization, established goals were achieved, with an ongoing revaluation of most of them in the post-transplant Nursing Consultation, particularly the Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge diagnosis. Conclusions: Proper health education and involvement of an interdisciplinary team enable effective learning of care practices, promoting therapeutic adherence and facilitating early prevention and detection of complications that may arise in transplant patients. Additionally, assisting the patient and family in accepting this new phase, which entails physical, emotional, and social changes, is crucial.

Cuidados de enfermería al paciente trasplantado renal período pre-operatorio, pos trasplante inmediato y temprano en la Unidad de Trasplante Renal del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín / Nursing care of the renal transplant patient pre-operative, immediate posttransplant and early post-transplant periods in the Renal Transplant Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital

El trasplante renal es considerado como la mejor alternativa de tratamiento sustitutivo para la enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT)1, es el procedimiento quirúrgico que consiste en reemplazar un riñón sano de un donante vivo o cadavérico a una persona con diagnóstico de ERCT, que ayuda a mejorar su calidad de vida, la reinserción a sus actividades sociales, físicas, emocionales, laborales y sexuales. La Organización Nacional de Trasplantes de España (ONT) en el año 2018, reportó que en la Unión Europea se realizaron 21 102 y en Latinoamérica 12 806 trasplantes renales2, en Ecuador el Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) en los años 2007-2020 reportó un total de 1 6153, le correspondió al Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín (HECAM) el 32% del total de trasplantes renales realizados entre el periodo 2007-20184. La evaluación del potencial receptor es realizada por un equipo multidisciplinario con formación académica, experiencia certificada en los diferentes procesos y acreditados por el Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplantes (INDOT)5. Los cuidados de enfermería enmarcados en esta ruta, son especializados e integrales, que incluyen los períodos pre operatorio, pos trasplante inmediato y temprano al incorporar además un proceso educativo entre enfermera, paciente y familia/ cuidador, con el fin de preservar la sobrevida del injerto.

Renal transplantation is considered the best alternative replacement treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESRD)1, it is the surgical procedure that consists of replacing a healthy kidney from a living or cadaveric donor to a person diagnosed with ESRD, which helps to improve their quality of life, reintegration to their social, physical, emotional, work and sexual activities. The National Transplant Organization of Spain (ONT) in 2018, reported that In the European Union 21 102 and in Latin America 12 806 renal transplants were performed2, in Ecuador the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) in the years 2007-2020 reported a total of 1 6153, corresponded to the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital (HECAM) 32% of the total number of renal transplants performed between 2007-20184. The evaluation of the potential recipient is performed by a multidisciplinary team with academic training, certified experience in the different processes and accredited by the National Institute of Donation and Transplantation (INDOT)5. The nursing care framed in this route is specialized and comprehensive, including the pre-operative, immediate post-transplant and early post-transplant periods, incorporating an educational process between nurse, patient and family/caregiver, in order to preserve graft survival.

[Influence of the nursing professional over the quality of life in patients receiving kidney transplants.] / Influencia del profesional de enfermería en la calidad de vida de pacientes receptores de trasplante renal.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation represents the treatment choice for most people with chronic kidney disease due to the benefits it provides compared to other renal replacement therapies. This population requires specific monitoring, where the nursing professional must attend to determining factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in order to guarantee an effective approach to the difficulties that arise. This bibliographic review pretends to determine the altered physical, psychological, and social components of health-related quality of life maintained by kidney transplant recipients as a way to improve quality of care through the most appropriate nursing interventions. METHODS: The literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medes, LILACS, CINAHL, Dialnet and Scopus databases. From a total of 718 articles identified, 30 publications were selected in order to meet the aim of the review and the established inclusion, exclusion and PRISMA Statement criteria. RESULTS: The quality of the published studies was set at a mean score of 6.07 according to the PEDro scale, for clinical trials and 10.5, according to the Amstar scale, for bibliographic reviews. 50% of the total were published in the last two years (2018-2019) and 75% are between Q1 and Q2 of the JCR and SJR impact factors. CONCLUSIONS: An improvement in HRQoL has been identified in these patients compared to the previous period of dialysis, although it is not still comparable to the general population. The physical area seems to be the most affected. The nursing professional can develop health education, psychological counseling and self-management activities.

OBJETIVO: El trasplante renal representa el tratamiento de elección para la mayoría de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica debido a los beneficios que aporta frente a otras terapias renales sustitutivas. Esta población requiere de un seguimiento específico, en el cual el profesional de enfermería debe atender a los factores determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Esta revisión bibliográfica pretende determinar los componentes físicos, psicológicos y sociales alterados de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud que mantienen los receptores de un trasplante renal para mejorar la actividad asistencial con las intervenciones enfermeras adecuadas. METODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de PubMed, Medes, LILACS, CINAHL, Dialnet y Scopus. De un total de 718 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 18 publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, exclusión y de la Declaración PRISMA. RESULTADOS: La calidad de los estudios quedó fijada en una puntuación media de 6,07 según la escala PEDro, para los ensayos clínicos y en 10'5, según la escala Amstar, para las revisiones bibliográficas. El 50% del total fueron publicados en los dos últimos años (2018-2019) y el 75% se encuentra entre el Q1 y Q2 de los factores de impacto JCR y SJR. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha identificado la mejora de la CVRS en estos pacientes frente al período anterior de diálisis, aunque sigue siendo un nivel menor al de la población general. La esfera física es la más afectada. El profesional de enfermería desarrolla actividades de educación sanitaria y asesoramiento psicológico.

[The ANFIPA in practice: the example of the chronic kidney disease, dialysis, transplant college]. / L'Anfipa en pratique : exemple du collège Maladie rénale chronique, dialyse, transplantation.

The French association of advanced practice nurses (anfipa) is actively participating in setting up advanced practice across the country. Colleges are places of interaction and work for advanced practice nurses and students. Highlighting missions of this college enables us to create places of discussion and exchanges in the field, and to take part in the rollout of this new profession.

[SARS-CoV-2: recommendations on nursing care for dialyzed and transplanted patient].

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious respiratory syndrome caused by the virus called SARS-CoV-2, belonging to the family of coronaviruses. The first ever cases were detected during the 2019-2020 pandemic. Coronaviruses can cause a common cold or more serious diseases such as Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndromes (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). They can cause respiratory, lung and gastrointestinal infections with a mild to severe course, sometimes causing the death of the infected person. This new strain has no previous identifiers and its epidemic potential is strongly associated with the absence of immune response/reactivity and immunological memory in the world population, which has never been in contact with this strain before. Most at risk are the elderly, people with pre-existing diseases and/or immunodepressed, dialyzed and transplanted patients, pregnant women, people with debilitating chronic diseases. They are advised to avoid contacts with other people, unless strictly necessary, and to stay away from crowded places, also observing scrupulously the recommendations of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità. In this article we detail the recommendations that must be followed by the nursing care staff when dealing with chronic kidney disease patients in dialysis or with kidney transplant patients. We delve into the procedures that are absolutely essential in this context: social distancing of at least one meter, use of PPI, proper dressing and undressing procedures, frequent hand washing and use of gloves, and finally the increase of dedicated and appropriately trained health personnel on ward.

Factores asociados a la integración laboral de las personas en tratamiento renal sustitutivo en España / Factors associated with the labor integration of people on renal replacement therapy in Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las personas en tratamiento renal sustitutivo en edad laboral presentan tradicionalmente tasas de empleo significativamente más bajas que la población general. OBJETIVO: Describir la situación laboral de las personas con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento renal sustitutivo en España e identificar los factores asociados más significativos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo trasversal comparativo de personas en los diferentes tratamientos renales sustitutivos, en edad laboral de 16 a 64 años. Se analizó su situación laboral y otros factores socio-demográficos y socio-económicos, mediante la administración de un cuestionario ad hoc. RESULTADOS: En 437 personas con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en tratamiento con hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal o trasplante. La tasa de empleo fue del 27%, un 84,21% de personas tenían certificado de discapacidad y un 46,45% de incapacidad laboral reconocida. Las personas trasplantadas presentaron mayores ingresos económicos mensuales y las que estaban en diálisis domiciliarios tenían la mayor tasa de empleo (37,64% frente al 27,89% de las personas trasplantadas y el 20,37% de las personas en hemodiálisis en centro). CONCLUSIONES: Las personas en tratamiento renal sustitutivo en edad laboral tienen importantes limitaciones en su acceso al empleo, sin embargo, existen diferencias importantes según sea la opción elegida de tratamiento. La información y toma de decisiones respecto opción del tratamiento renal sustitutivo son claves para el mantenimiento u obtención de un empleo, para su situación económica futura e incluso para el reconocimiento de la incapacidad laboral

INTRODUCTION: People on renal replacement therapy at working age traditionally have significantly lower employment rates than the general population. OBJECTIVE: To describe the employment situation of people with chronic kidney disease on renal replacement therapy in Spain and to identify the significant associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study of people in the different renal replacement treatments, during the work period of 16 to 64 years. Their employment situation and other socio-demographic and socio-economic factors were analysed through the use of an ad hoc questionnaire. RESULTS: In 437 people with advanced chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or transplantation. The employment rate was 27%, 84.21% of people had a certificate of disability and 46.45% had a recognized incapacity for work. The transplanted persons presented higher monthly economic income. Patients receiving home dialysis had a higher employment rate (37.64% compared to 27.89% of transplant recipients, and 20.37% of people on centre haemodialysis). CONCLUSIONS: People in renal replacement therapy at working age have significant limitations in access to employment. Although, there are important differences depending on the treatment option chosen. Information and decision-making regarding the option of renal replacement treatment are key for maintaining or obtaining a job, for the future economic situation, and even for the recognition of incapacity for work

Evaluation of a telehealth solution developed to improve follow-up after kidney Transplantation.

AIM: To explore patients' and healthcare professionals' experiences of using a telehealth solution developed to improve follow-up after kidney transplantation. BACKGROUND: Transplantation is the treatment of choice whenever feasible for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, it implies lifelong adherence of self-monitoring, medicine and other restrictions to ensure successful outcomes. Based on user involvement, a telehealth solution was developed to support patients and healthcare professionals post-transplantation. DESIGN: An explorative qualitative study with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHODS: The developed app and workflow for follow-up were tested by patients and healthcare professionals and evaluated with interviews. In total, 16 patients and 20 healthcare professionals participated. Individual interviews were conducted with the patients, four nurses participated in two sets of interviews, and 16 doctors participated in a focus group. Data were analysed with inspiration from Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, on three levels: Naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. The COREQ checklist was applied in reporting the study. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: Challenging conditions for training sessions, telehealth improves patient reflection and collaboration, and telehealth gives patients a voice in consultations. In a challenging time, post-transplantation patients found the app easy to use; it facilitated support and reflection on how to manage. It also supported both patients and healthcare professionals at follow-up consultations in terms of enhanced preparation, improved dialogue and enabling consultations by phone. CONCLUSION: The study showed that patients and healthcare professionals found the app and workflow valuable and easy to use. The Patient Data feature in the app has potential as a communication tool. However, adjustments and further investigations are needed to develop the solution. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The potential of telehealth brings new opportunities to provide treatment and care to newly transplanted patients. Telehealth can support both patients and health professionals by improving dialogue and collaboration.

Enfermagem no transplante renal: comparação da demanda de cuidado entre escalas / Enfermería en el trasplante renal: comparación de la demanda de cuidado entre turnos / Kidney transplant nursing: a comparison of care demand between scales

Resumo Objetivo Comparar o número de horas da demanda de cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente no pós-operatório de transplante renal, por meio dos instrumentos de Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes (SCP) e do Escore de Atividade de Enfermagem (NAS). Métodos Estudo de Coorte Prospectivo. A população foi composta pelos pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal com doador falecido no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, a avaliação ocorreu de 6 a 24 horas no pós-operatório imediato, nos dias subsequentes até a alta da UTI Cirúrgica e no 15º dia pós-operatório ou no dia da alta (o que tenha ocorrido primeiro). Resultados Completaram o estudo 73 pacientes, a média do SCP na primeira avaliação foi de 31,6 (cuidado intermediário), já no NAS a média foi de 86,5% (cuidado intensivo). Na última avaliação a pontuação encontrada no SCP foi de 15,5 (cuidado mínimo), no NAS a mediana foi de 50,1% (cuidado semi-intensivo). Não houve diferença significativa quando comparadas as pontuações obtidas na alta da UTI cirúrgica e na alta hospitalar. Conclusão Os achados deste estudo sugerem que há diferença entre o número de horas da demanda de cuidados ao transplantado renal no pós-operatório quando comparados os instrumentos SCP e NAS, e isso repercute também no tipo de cuidado.

Resumen Objetivo Comparar el número de horas de la demanda de cuidados de enfermería al paciente en posoperatorio de trasplante renal, por medio de los instrumentos de Sistema de Clasificación de Pacientes (SCP) y de la escala Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Métodos Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. La población fue formada por pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal con donante fallecido en el Hospital São Lucas de la universidad PUCRS. La evaluación se llevó a cabo de 6 a 24 horas en el posoperatorio inmediato, en los días subsiguientes hasta el alta de la UCI Quirúrgica y en el 15° día del posoperatorio o el día del alta (lo que haya sucedido primero). Resultados El estudio lo completaron 73 pacientes, el promedio del SCP en la primera evaluación fue 31,6 (cuidado intermedio) y en el NAS el promedio fue 86,5% (cuidado intensivo). En la última evaluación, la puntuación del SCP fue 15,5 (cuidado mínimo) y en el NAS la mediana fue 50,1% (cuidado semintensivo). No hubo diferencia significativa al comparar las valoraciones obtenidas en el alta de la UCI Quirúrgica y en el alta hospitalaria. Conclusión Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que hay diferencia entre el número de horas de la demanda de cuidados al trasplantado renal en el posoperatorio al comparar los instrumentos SCP y NAS, y eso repercute también en el tipo de cuidado.

Abstract Objective To compare the number of hours of nursing care demand for patients in the postoperative period after kidney transplantation, using the Patient Classification System (SCP) and Nursing Activity Score (NAS) tools. Methods a prospective cohort study. The population consisted of patients who underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation at PUCRS São Lucas Hospital. Assessment was carried out from 6 to 24 hours in the immediate postoperative period, on the days following discharge from the Surgical ICU and on the 15thpostoperative day or on the day of discharge (whichever occurred first). Results A total of 73 patients completed the study. The mean SCP in the first assessment was 31.6 (intermediate care), while in NAS the mean was 86.5% (intensive care). In the last assessment, the score found in the SCP was 15.5 (minimum care); In the NAS, the median was 50.1% (semi-intensive care). There were no significant differences when comparing the scores obtained at discharge from surgical ICU and discharge from hospital. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that there is a difference between the number of hours of postoperative kidney transplant care demand when compared to the SCP and NAS tools, and this affects the type of care.

Transplante renal: enfermeiro da terapia intensiva no pós-operatório imediato / Renal transplantation: intensive therapeutic nurse in the immediate post-operative period / Transplante renal: enfermero terapéutico intensivo en el post-operatorio inmediato

Objetivo: Avaliar os saberes de enfermeiros no cuidado ao paciente no período pós-operatório imediato de transplante renal. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, realizado no ano de 2015 em um hospital público de Santa Catarina. Participaram enfermeiros que atuavam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com experiência em cuidado no pós-operatório de transplante renal. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado entrevista semiestruturada e a análise foi através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: O estudo deu origem a 5 discursos do sujeito coletivo: As primeiras horas requerem cuidados intensivos, checklist como potencialidade no cuidado de pacientes no pós operatório de transplante renal, qualificação profissional como ponto forte no cuidado, momento de expectativa e ansiedade para os pacientes e o acompanhante familiar no pósoperatório. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou o fortalecimento de saberes dos enfermeiros, destacou o uso de checklist, a importância da educação continuada e de familiares como fonte de apoio aos pacientes

Objective: The study's main purpose has been to assess the nurses' understanding vis-à-vis patient care in the immediate postoperative period of renal transplantation. Methods: It is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was performed in a public hospital from the Santa Catarina State, in 2015. The participants were nurses who worked in the Intensive Care Unit with experience in postoperative renal transplant care. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, and the Collective Subject Discourse was used for data analysis. Results: This study resulted into five Collective Subject Discourses, as follows: the first hours require intensive care; checklist as potentiality in the care of patients undergoing postoperative period of renal transplantation; professional qualification as a strong support in caring; moment of expectation and anxiety for patients; and, the family companion during the postoperative period. Conclusion: This research evidenced the strengthening of nurses' knowledge concerning patient care and underlined the use of checklists, as well as the importance of continuing education and relatives as a source of support for patients

Objetivo: Evaluar y reflexionar sobre el conocimiento del enfermero en el cuidado de enfermería al paciente en el período post-operatorio inmediato de trasplante renal. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo exploratorio, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada como forma de recolección de los datos con enfermeros actuantes de la unidad de terapia intensiva del local investigado. Resultados: se evidenció un respaldo teórico y práctico por parte de los enfermeros sobre el contexto del trasplante renal y la utilización del check-list como herramienta de trabajo. Se destacó la realización de capacitaciones en la institución hospitalaria. La familia fue identificada como relevante en la recuperación del paciente y la necesidad de un enfoque más amplio sobre la temática en la graduación. Conclusión: Los enfermeros identifican conocimientos y habilidades esenciales para el cuidado del paciente trasplantado, así como la institución hospitalaria, ya que ofrece oportunidad de perfeccionamiento técnico-científico a los profesionales

Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine the nursing diagnoses and interventions applied to kidney transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study of nursing care plans of patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2008 through December 2016 was performed. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics information form for patients and nursing care plans registered to the hospital's information-processing system. Data for nursing care plans of 100 kidney transplant recipients were analyzed. FINDINGS: It was determined that 59% of the kidney transplant recipients were male and the mean age ± SD was 42.56 ± 12.40 years; 81% of the patients had undergone kidney transplantation from living donors. The most commonly used nursing diagnoses in the care of kidney transplant recipients were (1) risk of infection (100%); (2) deficient knowledge (100%); (3) risk for bleeding (31%); (4) acute pain (26%); and (5) risk for falls (16%). The most common interventions were (1) examining the infection-related laboratory findings (69.0%); (2) limiting the number of visitors (64.0); and (3) setting aside time for patient questions and concerns (59.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing diagnoses and interventions applied in the care of kidney transplant recipients seem to be limited. To provide holistic care to the kidney transplant recipients, the nursing care plans should include more extensive nursing diagnosis and interventions to maintain physical, psychological, and social well-being.

Posoperatorio del donante vivo de riñón: diferencia con pacientes sometidos a nefroctomías laparoscópicas por otras causas / No disponible

Debido al incremento de la nefrectomía laparoscópica para trasplante renal de donantes vivos en nuestro hospital en los últimos años (en 2017, 332 trasplantes renales de donante vivo, de los que 47 se hicieron en Andalucía y 17 de ellos en nuestro centro), se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en el cual se analizaron, con 6 variables, el impacto que tiene el posoperatorio de la nefrectomía laparoscópica en los donantes vivos con respecto al resto de pacientes que se someten al mismo procedimiento por otras causas en nuestra unidad. El objetivo principal del estudio es analizar las implicaciones y el impacto que tiene el posoperatorio de la nefrectomía laparoscópica en los diferentes procesos. Se parte de la hipótesis de que las implicaciones que tiene el donante vivo afectarán al desarrollo de su posoperatorio (mayor dolor, mayor estancia hospitalaria...), comparado con el resto de pacientes que se someten a la misma intervención por otros motivos. Se identificó en este estudio que este tipo de cirugía implica mayor estancia hospitalaria, con respecto a la misma cirugía por otros motivos, pero no existe un resultado en el número de pacientes estudiados de mayor dolor en estos pacientes con respecto a los otros citados. Mostraremos los cuidados enfermeros que seguimos en nuestra unidad con estos pacientes. Para ello tomaremos como referencia los patrones funcionales de Gordon, determinando los diagnósticos enfermeros, así como los criterios de resultados (NOC) y las intervenciones de enfermería (NIC)

Due to the increase of laparoscopic nephrectomy in live donors for renal transplantation during the last years in our hospital (in 2017, 332 live donor renal transplants, of these 47 were done in Andalusia, and 17 in our hospital). A prospective study was conducted to analyse 6 variables, the Impact of postoperative laparoscopic nephrectomy in live donors compared to those patients who underwent the same procedure for different reasons in our unit. The primary aim of the study is to examine the implications and impact of postoperative laparoscopic nephrectomy in different processes. It is assumed that the live donor's implications will affect the postoperative period (pain, length of hospital stay...), compared to the rest of the patients who undergo the same procedure for different reasons. A study identified that this type of surgery involves unnecessarily prolonged stay in hospital, with regards to the same surgery but for different reasons. However, there is no evidence of difference between the number of patients studied with severe pain and the aboye mentioned. We will show the nursing care that we follow with these patients in our unit. We will take as reference Gordon's functional health patterns, identifying nursing diagnosis as well as the nursing outcomes classification (NOC) and nursing interventions

O enfermeiro e o modo de viver do usuário transplantado renal: buscando a qualidade de vida / The nurse and the model of living of the renal transplanted user: seeking the quality of life / El enfermero y el modo de vivir del usuario transplantado renal: buscando la calidad de vida

Objective:To know the scientific production about the way of life of the renal transplant user in their home environment and the educational actions of the nurse capable of promoting quality of life. Method: An exploratory and descriptive study, which follows the steps of the integrative review, which enables the researcher to problematize the subject by grouping and systematizing what has already been produced scientifically and incorporating them into the care practice. Outcome: The total of 58 studies included in the sample. After careful reading of the abstracts, 50 studies had no adherence to the subject matter and were excluded. Therefore, 08 articles were read in full and make up the sample. Conclusion: Knowing the way of life of the renal transplant user allows the focus of care, besides being individual, to be based on human relationships

Objetivo: Conocer la producción científica sobre el modo de vivir del usuario trasplantado renal en su ambiente domiciliar y las acciones educativas del enfermero capaces de promover la calidad de vida. Método: Estudio de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, que sigue los pasos de la revisión integrativa, que posibilita al investigador problematizar la temática por medio de la agrupación y sistematización de lo que ya fue producido científicamente e incorporarlos a la práctica asistencial. Resultado: El total de 58 estudios incluidos en la muestra. Después de la lectura cuidadosa de los resúmenes 50 estudios no tenían adherencia con la temática en cuestión y fueron excluidos. Por lo tanto, 08 artículos fueron leídos en la integración y componen la muestra. Conclusión: Conocer el modo de vivir del usuario trasplantado renal permite que el foco del cuidado, además de individual, sea basado en relaciones humanas

Objetivo: Conhecer a produção científica sobre o modo de viver do usuário transplantado renal no seu ambiente domiciliar e as ações educativas do enfermeiro capazes de promover a qualidade de vida. Método: Estudo de caráter exploratório e descritivo, que segue os passos da revisão integrativa, que possibilita ao pesquisador problematizar a temática por meio do agrupamento e sistematização do que já foi produzido cientificamente e incorporá-los à prática assistencial. Resultado: O total de 58 estudos incluídos na amostra. Após a leitura criteriosa dos resumos, 50 estudos não possuíam aderência com a temática em questão e foram excluídos. Portanto, 8 artigos foram lidos na íntegra e compõem a amostra. Conclusão: Conhecer o modo de viver do usuário transplantado renal permite que o foco do cuidado, além de individual, seja baseado em relações humanas

A comunicação como ferramenta educativa no préoperatório mediato de transplante renal / The communication as an educational tool during kidney transplantation preoperative period / La comunicación como herramienta educativa en el período pre-operatorio mediato de trasplante renal

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é reconhecer a importância da comunicação como ferramenta utilizada pelo enfermeiro no pré-operatório mediato do paciente em terapia hemodialítica indicada para transplante renal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, convergente, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 9 enfermeiras, utilizando um roteiro pré-estabelecido com questões subjetivas das quais emergiram 2 categorias: Responsabilidade do enfermeiro na comunicação com o paciente; e Importância da comunicação enfermeiro/ paciente. Resultados: Os resultados apontam a relevância de estudar o processo da comunicação, pois, ao praticá-lo, há aperfeiçoamento do modo que o enfermeiro se comunica, evitando interferências que possam comprometer as informações prestadas. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da relação enfermeiro/paciente, que possibilita o entendimento das informações educativas e o modo como são prestadas, constituindo poderosa ferramenta no pré-operatório mediato de transplante renal

Objetivo: El objetivo es reconocer la importancia de la comunicación como herramienta utilizada por los enfermeros en el paciente preoperatorio mediato en hemodiálisis indicado para el trasplante de riñón. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, convergente, con un enfoque cualitativo. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de entrevista semi-estructurada con 9 enfermeras, utilizando un guión pre-establecido con preguntas subjetivas de las que emergieron 2 categorías: Responsabilidad del enfermero en la comunicación con el paciente; e Importancia de la comunicación enfermero/ paciente. Resultados: Los resultados señalan la relevancia de estudiar el proceso de la comunicación, pues, practicándola, hay una mejora en la forma en que el enfermero se comunica, evitando interferencias que puedan poner en peligro las informaciones ofrecidas. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de la relación enfermero/paciente, que permite la comprensión de las informaciones educativas y la forma en que se prestan, constituyendo poderosa herramienta en el período pre-operatorio mediato de trasplante renal

Objective: The study's aim has been to recognize the importance of the communication as a tool used by the nurse over the preoperative period of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy and indicated for having renal transplantation. Methods: It is a descriptive and convergent study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 9 female nurses and using a pre-established script with subjective questions. By using this approach, the following 2 categories emerged: the nurse's responsibility in communicating to the patient; and the significance of nurse/patient communication. Results: The results point out the relevance of studying the communication process, because, by putting it into practice, there is an improvement regarding the nurse's communication skills, and then avoiding any interference that may affect the information provided. Conclusion: The significance of the nurse/patient relationship stands out, which enables understanding the educational information and the way in which they are provided, then constituting a powerful tool during the preoperative period of a renal transplantation

Factores asociados a la resiliencia y adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con injerto renal funcionante / Factors associated with resilience and therapeutic adherence in patients with functioning renal graft

Introducción: El aumento en el número de trasplantes de órganos y la escasa adherencia a los tratamientos una vez realizado el trasplante suscita una actitud de alerta entre los profesionales de enfermería y un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Conocer los factores asociados a la resiliencia que influyen sobre la adherencia al tratamiento, en este caso en el trasplante con injerto renal. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo trasversal y retrospectivo en población adulta trasplantada con injerto funcionante desde enero de 2012 hasta junio de 2016 con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 70 años, de ambos sexos, autosuficientes en el manejo de tratamiento; y trasplantados en el Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla. Pertenecientes, como socios, a la Asociación Alcer Cantabria. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos, aun no siendo significativos por el tamaño muestral, demuestran una influencia positiva (3% de la variabilidad) de la resiliencia en la adherencia al tratamiento. Se demuestran que existen diferencias significativas en alguna de las variables sociodemográficas como la actividad profesional, nivel de estudios y edad. Así mismo, se encuentran diferencias según el nivel de tolerancia a los efectos negativos y estrés. Conclusiones: Los datos revelan mayor riesgo de no adherencia en el grupo de menor edad, por lo que resulta necesario sensibilizar de la importancia de la adherencia al tratamiento. Sorprende la relación inversa entre baja adherencia en pacientes y mayor control situaciona

Introduction: The increase in the number of organ transplants and the poor adherence to the treatments after transplant provokes an alert attitude among the nursing professionals and a public health problem. Aim: To know the factors associated with resilience, which influence adherence to treatment, in this case in kidney graft transplantation. Material and Method: A cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study was carried out in adult population transplanted with functioning graft, from January 2012 to June 2016 with ages between 18 and 70 years, of both sexes, self-sufficient in the treatment management; and transplanted in the Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital. Belonging, as partners, to the Alcer Cantabria Association. Results: The results obtained, although not being significant due to the sample size, demonstrate a positive influence (3% of the variability) of the resilience in the adherence to the treatment. It is shown that there are significant differences in some of the sociodemographic variables such as professional activity, educational level and age. Likewise, there are differences according to the level of tolerance to negative effects and stress. Conclusions: The data reveal a greater risk of non-adherence in the younger age group, so it is necessary to raise awareness of the importance of adherence to treatment. The inverse relationship between low adherence in patients and greater situational control is surprising

Assessment of the perceived quality of life of a kidney transplant patient

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of kidney-transplanted patients who are followed in the outpatient clinic. Method: This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 55 patients who underwent a kidney transplant in the Lisbon region, Portugal. Data collection was conducted in May 2017. The WHOQOL-bref questionnaire and sociodemographic and clinical variable were also used. Results: The lowest value is found in the physical domain and the highest values in the environmental and general facets of quality of life. The general facet of quality of life is positively associated with the physical domain, the psychological domain and the environmental domain. Conclusions: The physical domain of quality of life related to kidney-transplanted patients was the most impaired. Clinical practice implications for nursing are discussed

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Providing Culturally Sensitive Care for Islamic Patients and Families.

Nurses can expect to care for patients from different cultures and faith traditions and need to develop cultural competence. This article describes what is important in providing culturally and religiously sensitive care to Muslim and Middle Eastern patients. The Crescent of Care Model by Lovering is offered to aid understanding of five key areas of culturally competent care. Jesus' story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) offers guidance for Christian nurses caring for those in need.

Actitud positiva, pilar básico del paciente trasplantado para gozar una nueva oportunidad de vida / Positive attitude: basis for a patient after a transplant to enjoy a new life opportunity

Este relato biográfico tiene por objeto describir las vivencias de una persona adulta que utiliza la actitud positiva para afrontar múltiples dificultades posteriores al trasplante renal, de forma tan efectiva que le permite continuar con su proyecto de vida. El informante es un profesional a quien le diagnosticaron insuficiencia renal, sin embargo, no tuvo que someterse a tratamiento dialítico, gracias a que su hermano decide donarle uno de sus riñones. A pesar de que resulta compatible, el informante tiene que afrontar complicaciones postoperatorias del trasplante que lo llevan incluso a estar hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Sobresale la actitud positiva y los cuidados del equipo de salud como aspectos indispensables en el proceso de recuperación, ya que le permiten afrontar las complicaciones y los cambios radicales en el estilo de vida desde la preparación del receptor hasta que es dado de alta

This biographical narrative aims to describe the experience of an adult using a positive attitude in order to face multiple difficulties after having a kidney transplant, this strategy allowed him to continue his life project. The informant is a professional who was diagnosed with kidney failure and did not have dialysis treatment, because his brother decided to donate him one of his kidneys. Although this kidney was compatible, the informant faced postoperative complications after the transplant leading him to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit. It is important to highlight the positive attitude and quality care of the health team as an indispensable aspect in the recovery process of the patient, giving as a result an adequate confrontation of the complications and radical changes in the individual´s lifestyle that began with the preparation of the recipient until the discharging from the hospital

Fragilidad y estado nutricional en el periodo pre-trasplante. ¿Existe relación? / Frailty and nutritional status in the pre-transplant period. Is there a relationship?

Introducción: La malnutrición en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) está asociada al aumento del riesgo de mortalidad y complicaciones. Sin embargo, el estado nutricional de los pacientes con ERC en lista de espera (LE) de trasplante renal (TR), y su relación con el estado de fragilidad ha sido poco evaluado. Objetivo: Analizar el estado nutricional y funcional de una cohorte de pacientes en lista de espera de trasplante renal y su relación con la fragilidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes incluidos en LE de TR desde Junio 2016 hasta Junio 2017. Se evaluaron a los pacientes mediante distintas escalas de valoración, recogiendo parámetros antropométricos, analíticos y de bioimpedanciometría (BCM). Resultados: De los 177 pacientes incluidos, 55 (31.1%) se definieron como frágiles. Dicho grupo eran de mayor edad (64.2 vs 61.2 años; p=0.08), sexo femenino (56.4% vs 32.8%, p<0.01), IMC mayor (29.3±5.8 vs 27.3±5,6 kg/m²; p=0.03) y más frecuentemente diabéticos (DM2) (43.6% vs 30.3%; p=0.08). La evaluación mediante BCM demostró que los pacientes frágiles tenían menos índice de tejido magro (12.3±2.4 vs 14.1±4 kg/m²; p<0.01) y mayor índice de tejido graso (16.2±6.1 vs 11.8±5.6 kg/m²; p<0.01) que los no frágiles. Conclusión: En nuestra lista de espera de TR, los pacientes frágiles son de mayor edad, sexo femenino, mayor grado de obesidad, DMII y con menor masa muscular. Las estrategias encaminadas a liberalizar dietas, aumentar la ingesta proteica y fomentar el ejercicio físico pueden ser relevantes para mejorar los resultados a corto y largo plazo del TR (AU)

Introduction: Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of mortality and complications. However, the nutritional status of patients with CKD on the renal transplant waiting list and their relationship to the frailty status has been poorly evaluated. Aim: To analyze the nutritional and functional status of a cohort of patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation and its relation to frailty. Patients and method: Retrospective study of patients included in waiting list of renal trasplantation from June 2016 to June 2017. Patients were evaluated through different assessment scales, taking anthropometric, analytical and bioimpedancometry (BCM) parameters. Results: Of the 177 patients included, 55 (31.1%) were defined as frailty. This frailty group was older (64.2 vs 61.2 years, p = 0.08), higher number of females (56.4% vs 32.8%, p <0.01), higher BMI (29.3 ± 5.8 vs 27.3 ± 5.6 kg / m², p = 0.03) and more frequently diabetic (DMII) (43.6% vs 30.3%, p = 0.08). The BCM evaluation showed that the frailty patients had a lower index of lean tissue (12.3 ± 2.4 vs 14.1 ± 4 kg / m², p <0.01) and a higher fat index (16.2 ± 6.1 vs 11.8 ± 5.6 kg / m²; <0.01) than non-frailty ones. Conclusions: In our waiting list for renal transplantation, the frailty patients are older, female, more obese, DMII and with lower muscle mass. Strategies to liberalize diets, increase protein intake and promote physical exercise may be relevant to improve the short- and long-term results of the renal transplantation (AU)

Impacto en un programa de trasplante renal de un protocolo de donación tras muerte cardiaca controlada con soporte de ECMO / Impact of a donor protocol on a renal transplant program after controlled cardiac death with ECMO support

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de un protocolo de donación tras muerte cardiaca controlada con soporte de sistema de oxigenación de membrana extracorpórea (PMCC-ECMO) en el programa de trasplante renal de nuestro centro. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo en una cohorte de injertos renales (IR) procedentes de un PMCC-ECMO. Se evalúan los IR procedentes de 8 pacientes con enfermedad irreversible (EI) en los que se aplica limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico y se consideran como potenciales donantes durante el último semestre del 2014 y el primer trimestre de 2015. Se excluyeron los IR enviados fuera de la comunidad. Se evaluaron indicadores del proceso de donación (IPD) y resultados clínicos de los injertos (RCI). Resultados: IPD: 100% hombres, edad media 60 años, tiempo medio agónico 9,37 minutos; causa EI 62,5% de origen pulmonar, 37,5% de origen neurológico. Se obtuvieron 13 riñones, 3 hígados y 2 pulmones: 2 IR fuera de la comunidad. Los IR provenientes del PMCC-ECMO supusieron un 20% de los IR del 2014 en nuestro centro. RCI: De los 11 IR trasplantados en nuestro centro, sólo 1 no fue viable por trombosis de las venas renales, y otro IR se retrasó la función renal por causas inmunológicas. Valores medios función IR al mes: creatinina sérica 1,88 mg/dl, aclaramiento creatinina 56,82 mL/min, urea 0,798 g/L. Conclusiónes: El PMCC-ECMO ha tenido un alto impacto en el programa de trasplante renal, tanto por incrementar la tasa de donación, como por la alta tasa de viabilidad de los injertos (AU)

Aim: To analyze the impact of a donor protocol after controlled cardiac death with support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PMCC-ECMO) in the renal transplant program of our center. Material and method: Retrospective, observational, descriptive study in a cohort of renal grafts (RG) from PMCC-ECMO. RGs from 8 patients with irreversible disease (IE) in which therapeutic effort limitation is applied are evaluated and considered as potential donors during the last six months of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015. IRs sent out of the community were excluded. Indicators of the donation process (IDP) and clinical results of the grafts (CRG) were evaluated. Results: IDP: 100% men, mean age 60 years, mean agonizing time 9.37 minutes; cause of IE: 62.5% of pulmonary origin, 37.5% of neurological origin. We obtained 13 kidneys, 3 livers and 2 lungs: 2 RG outside the community. RGs from the PMCC-ECMO accounted for 20% of the total in 2014 at our center. CRG: Of the 11 RGs transplanted in our center, only 1 was not viable due to thrombosis of the renal veins, and another RG presented delayed renal function due to immunological causes. Mean values of RG function per month: serum creatinine 1.88 mg / dl, creatinine clearance 56.82 mL / min, urea 0.788 g / L. Conclusions: PMCC-ECMO has had a high impact on the renal transplant program, both for increasing the donation rate and for the high viability rate of the grafts (AU)

Frecuencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería en el primer ingreso del paciente con un trasplante renal reciente / Frequency of nursing diagnoses on the first admission of the patient with a recent renal transplant

La insuficiencia renal crónica es un problema de salud cuya prevalencia ha ido en aumento y que conlleva serias implicaciones para el paciente. El trasplante renal mejora la calidad de vida de estos pacientes pero les obliga a modificar hábitos en su vida diaria. La enfermería busca el compromiso del paciente con su autocuidado para evitar el rechazo del órgano trasplantado y para ello es importante sistematizar el trabajo a través de planes de cuidados adecuados a la situación de cada paciente y a sus necesidades. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo cuyo objetivo fue conocer los diagnósticos de enfermería (DxE) más frecuentes en el primer ingreso postrasplante, así como el motivo por el que ingresan, y se realizó sobre todos aquellos pacientes que recibieron un trasplante renal, en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, durante el periodo 2010 a 2014. Durante este periodo se realizaron 331 trasplantes, de los cuales ingresaron durante el año postraplante el 50.8% (167). En el primer ingreso tras el trasplante renal se asignaron una mediana de 4 DxE (RI=2-7) por paciente, siendo los más frecuentes Riesgo de Infección con un 25,1% (83), Dolor agudo con un 11,8% (39) y Conocimientos deficientes con un 10,3% (34). Conocer los DxE más frecuentes nos permite establecer planes de cuidados que mejoren la calidad asistencial e intentar prevenir posibles complicaciones del trasplante que perjudican la calidad de vida del paciente. Esto nos ayudará a reducir costes en el tratamiento, y lo que es más importante, a aumentar la satisfacción del paciente y su seguridad, al mismo tiempo que le ayudamos a recuperar su salud (AU)

Chronic kidney failure is a health problem whose prevalence has increased and has serious implications for the patient. Renal transplantation improves the quality of life of these patients but it forces them to modify habits in their daily life. The nurse seeks the commitment of the patient with their self-care to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ and for this it is important to systematize the work through plans of care appropriate to the situation of each patient and their needs. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out. The aim was to know the most frequent nursing diagnoses (NxD) in the first post-transplant admission, as well as the reason for the admission. All patients who received a kidney transplant at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos of Madrid, during the period 2010 to 2014, were included. During this period, 331 transplants were performed, of which 50.8% (167) were admitted during the post-transplant year. In the first admission after kidney transplantation, a median of 4 NxD (RI = 2-7) per patient was assigned, being the most frequent ‘Infection Risk’ with 25.1% (83), ‘Acute Pain’ with 11.8% (39) and ‘Poor Knowledge’ with 10.3% (34). Knowing the most frequent NxD, allows establishing plans of care that improve the quality of care and try to prevent possible complications of transplantation that affect the quality of life of the patient. This fact will help reduce costs in treatment, and more importantly, increase patient satisfaction and safety, while at the same time recover their health (AU)